Thursday, January 30, 2020
Horses by Edwin Muir Essay Example for Free
Horses by Edwin Muir Essay The poem Horses by Edwin Muir uses imagery and figurative language to create and associate the the themes such as nature, machine, power and myth. Edwin Muir uses a variety of language tools such as Paradox, simile and metaphor to create a particular effect. He conveys his feelings through the poem and to link to the past. In addition, Muirââ¬â¢s use of rhyme scheme with the repetition of words puts emphasis on certain lines which in turn provides development for the tone. The Rhyme scheme for the poem is AABB thorugh out the poem that gains interest from the readers. Muir uses many literary devices. In the phrase,â⬠Lumbering Horses in the Steady Ploughâ⬠he uses Enjambment comparing the Horses on a steady plough to a bare field. The effect created by the use of enjambment is that the feelings or memories of the poet are still ongoing and this is reflected. The enjambment helps the poem flow into the next line. The word ââ¬Å"lumberingâ⬠is defined as moving in a slow, heavy manner. There is consonance in the words Those, Horses, plough. The Consonance creates a more subtle effect with the repetition of the oââ¬â¢s. The word containing 3 syllables slows down the rhythm of the sentence. The term ââ¬Ësteady ploughââ¬â¢ means a device pulled through the even ground in order to break it open into furrows for planting. The poet implies that he still has a fear of Horses by expressing his childhood dismay for Horses. The use of the ââ¬ËPerhapsââ¬â¢ denotes his uncertainty or possibility and he does not wish to be too definite or assertive in the expression of an opinion. The word ââ¬ËChildishââ¬â¢ refers to a silly or suitable for a child. He is referring and relating to the past to deliver evidence to fear. There is internal rhyme in the words some and come that adds particular emphasis and quickens the pace of the Rhythm in the phrase. The phrase contains alliteration in the words ââ¬Ëchildishââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëcomeââ¬â¢. The Alliteration emphasizes the words giving the sentence a good sense of Rhythm and sound. The writer uses alliteration in the phrase ââ¬Ëstanding stillââ¬â¢ in order to suggest the silence, calmness and fixed position of the Horses. The alliteration creates the effect of silence by associating it to the theme of the text such as a Machine. He compares that the Horses are showing signs of movement and yet they are standing still. He uses simile to create a vivid mental image and to carry on the effect of the Horsesââ¬â¢ effortless behaviour and power. Consonance adds to the effect by the words seem, standing still. It increases the Rhythm of the sentence and combines with the Horses steady movement. To describe the Horses movement ââ¬Ëup and downââ¬â¢, the and in the line slows the sentence down by the amount of syllables and by connecting two clauses. The contradiction in the line where Muir describes the Horses movement but claims that it is standing still brings out a humorous effect. The line has a total of ten syllables which is a normal spoken sentence.
Wednesday, January 22, 2020
Time management Essay -- essays research papers
Time Management for College Students We all know the sound that is very familiar to us: tick, tick, tick. No, itââ¬â¢s not the sound of our favorite movie coming on; Itââ¬â¢s time moving on. College students often find that time is the hardest goal to conquer. Time isnââ¬â¢t really a goal. Finding time to complete all of our task is a goal. As a student there are some basic principals of time management that you can apply. Identify the best time for studying. Everyone has high and low periods of attention and concentration. Are you a morning person or a night person? Use your power times for studying, especially if you have children. Use your down times for cleaning, laundry, and running errands. If you have a job like most of us do, make a slot in your day for studying. Study difficult ...
Tuesday, January 14, 2020
Approaches to Management
APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT Dr. M. Thenmozhi Professor Department of Management Studies Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600 036 E-mail: [emailà protected] ac. in APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) Empirical Approach Human Behaviour Approach Social System Approach Decision Theory Approach Mathematical Approach Socio-Technical Systems Approach Systems Approach Contingency Approach Operational Approach REASONS & PROBLEMS 1) Semantic problems in management literature. 2) Contributions from different disciplines. 3) Misunderstanding of principles. EMPIRICAL APPROACH â⬠¢ â⬠¢ â⬠¢ ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬âStudy of managerial experiences and cases(mgt) Contributors: Earnest Dale, Mooney & Reiley, urwick. Features Study of Managerial Experiences Managerial experience passed from participationer to students for continuity in knowledge management. Study of Successful & failure cases help practicising managers. Theoretical research combined with practical experiences. â⬠¢ ââ¬â Uses Learning through experience of others â⬠¢ ââ¬â ââ¬â Limitations No Contribution for the development of management as a discipline Situations of past not the same as present. HUMAN BEHAVIOUR APPROACH â⬠¢ ââ¬â ââ¬â Organisation as people ) Interpersonal Behaviour Approach ââ¬â Individual Psychology b) Group Behaviour Approach ââ¬â Organisation Behaviour â⬠¢ ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â Features Draws heavily from psychology & sociology. Understand human relations.Emphasis on greater productivity through motivation & good human relations Motivation, leadership, participative management & group dynamics are core of this approach. HUMAN BEHAVIOUR APPROACH Contd.. â⬠¢ Uses ââ¬â Demonstrates how management can be effective by applying knowledge of organisation behaviour. â⬠¢ Contributors ââ¬â Maslow, Herzberg, Vroom, Mc Cleland, Argyris, Likert, Lewin, Mc Gregor, etc. Limitations ââ¬â Treating management as equivalent to human behaviour. ââ¬â Talks about organisation & organisation behaviour in vague terms. SOCIAL SYSTEM APPROACH â⬠¢ â⬠¢ Understanding the behaviour of groups & individuals. Features 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Social System, a system of cultural relationship Relationship exist between external and internal environment of the organisation. Formal Organisation ââ¬â Cultural relationships of social groups working within the organisation. Co-operation necessary Efforts directed ââ¬â harmony between goals of organisation & goals of groups.SOCIAL SYSTEM APPROACH Contdâ⬠¦ â⬠¢ Contributors ââ¬â Pareto, Chester Barnard â⬠¢ Uses ââ¬â Organisational decisions should not be based on desires of one group alone but should reflect the interests of all the parties. â⬠¢ Limitations ââ¬â Broader than management & its practice ââ¬â Overlooks many management concepts principles & techniques that are important to practising ma nagers. DECISION THEORY APPROACH â⬠¢ Manager ââ¬â Decision maker â⬠¢ Organisation ââ¬â Decision making unit. â⬠¢ Features ââ¬â Management is decision making. ââ¬â Members of Organisation ââ¬â decision makers and problem solvers. Decision making ââ¬â control point in management ââ¬â Increasing efficiency ââ¬â the quality of decision ââ¬â MIS, process & techniques of decision making are the subject matter of study. DECISION THEORY APPROACH â⬠¢ Contributors ââ¬â Simon, Cyert, Forrester, etc. â⬠¢ Uses ââ¬â Tools for making suitable decisions in organisations. â⬠¢ Limitation ââ¬â Does not take the total view of management ââ¬â Decision making ââ¬â one aspect of management MATHEMATICAL APPROACH â⬠¢ â⬠¢ â⬠¢ Management- logical entity Actions- Mathematical symbols, Relationships and measurable data. Features 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Problem Solving mechanism with the help of mathematical tools and techniques.P roblems Expressed in mathematical symbols. Variables in management ââ¬â quantified. Scope ââ¬â Decision making, system analysis & some aspect of human behaviour. Tools ââ¬â Operations research ,simulation etc. MATHEMATICAL APPROACH Cont.. â⬠¢ Contributors ââ¬â Newman, Russell Ackoff, Charles Hitch, etc. â⬠¢ Uses ââ¬â Provided Exactness in management discipline. â⬠¢ Limitations ââ¬â Not a separate school ââ¬â Technique in decision making. SOCIO -TECHNICAL SYSTEMS APPROACH â⬠¢ Features ââ¬â Social & technicals systems interact. This interaction is important for organisational effectiveness. ââ¬â Organisation ââ¬â governed by social laws as well as psychological forces. Technical aspects of organisation modified by the social aspects. â⬠¢ Contributors ââ¬â Trist, Bamforth, Emery etc. â⬠¢ Uses ââ¬â Organisational effectiveness depends on looking at people and their interactions and also at the technical environment in which they operate. ââ¬â Change in technology ââ¬â Change in social interactions at work place SOCIO -TECHNICAL SYSTEMS APPROACH â⬠¢ Limitations ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â Lack of total managerial view Concentrate on factory or other production system No new contribution People aware about the role of technology of the social system of the work placeSYSTEMS APPROACH â⬠¢ â⬠¢ â⬠¢ â⬠¢ â⬠¢ â⬠¢ â⬠¢ An enterprise Man-Made system Internal parts Achieve established goals External parts Achieve interplay with its environment Manager integrates his available facilities with goal achievement. â⬠¢ Uses ââ¬â Quick Perception ââ¬â Better Planning â⬠¢ Limitations ââ¬â Complicated ââ¬â Expensive CONTIGENCY SCHOOL â⬠¢ In developing management concepts the environment within which the concepts are to be applied has to be considered. â⬠¢ Internal environment ââ¬â Structure, Processess, Technology. â⬠¢ External Environment ââ¬â Social, Economic, Political etc. â⬠¢ Features Appropriateness of a management technique depends on situation. ââ¬âIf ââ¬â Then approach. OPERATIONAL APPROACH â⬠¢ Management is a process. â⬠¢ Universalist / Classist / Traditional Approach. â⬠¢ This school concentrates on the role and functions of managers and distills the principles to be followed by them. â⬠¢ Features ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â ââ¬â Functions of managers remain same Functions of management core of good management Framework of management Principles of management â⬠¢ Contributors ââ¬â Fayol, Lyndall Urwick ,Harold Koontz, Newman, Mc Farland, Taylor. â⬠¢ Uses ââ¬â Flexible & practical but not universal.
Monday, January 6, 2020
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